What Is a C-Section?

Cesarean sections, commonly known as C-sections, represent a critical surgical intervention in obstetrics. When vaginal delivery poses risks to the mother or baby, a C-section becomes a vital alternative.

However, any deviation from the standard practices of care during the procedure can cause significant harm to the mother or child, potentially leading to allegations of medical malpractice.

This article delves into Cesarean section procedures, explores potential complications, and discusses medical malpractice cases, emphasizing the essential need for rigorous medical standards and patient care.

Understanding Cesarean Delivery

A Cesarean section is a surgical procedure for delivering a baby through an incision in the mother’s abdomen and uterus. This method allows for the safe delivery of a

baby when traditional vaginal birth poses risks to the health of the mother or child.

It is important for expectant mothers to understand why a C-section might be necessary, what the procedure entails, and the potential risks involved, especially given the significant rise in Cesarean rates over recent years.

Indications for a Cesarean Section

This procedure, while carrying certain risks and requiring a longer recovery period, is a lifesaving option in various clinical scenarios:

• Maternal and fetal health issues: Placenta previa or umbilical cord prolapse are conditions that might necessitate a Cesarean. Women with significant health issues or previous pelvic surgeries may also require a surgical birth to avoid complications.
• Labour and delivery complications: A C-section may be required if labour fails to progress, which can involve insufficient cervical dilation or prolonged labour stages. It’s also the go-to method in cases of fetal distress, where the baby’s heartbeat indicates potential problems.
• Abnormal fetal position: This procedure is indicated for unusual fetal positions like breech or transverse lies, and for multiple births, especially if the babies are poorly positioned or labour begins prematurely.
• Repeat Cesareans and patient choice: Those who have had a C-section before may have one again, depending on their health and pregnancy details. Some first-time mothers choose a C-section for personal or medical reasons, although this decision can affect the possibility of vaginal births in future pregnancies.

Procedure Overview

The procedure begins with the administration of an IV to manage fluids and medications, followed by anesthesia—usually epidural or spinal to numb the lower body. However, in urgent situations, general anesthesia is applied. The typical incision is a low, horizontal line across the bikini area to reduce visible scarring.

After the initial abdominal incision, the surgeon will perform a secondary cut in the uterus, typically a low transverse incision, although this may vary with the baby’s position.

The baby is delivered through these openings, with immediate actions to clear its airways and sever the umbilical cord. The placenta is then removed, and the incisions are sutured.

Post-C-section, a hospital stay of two to three days is typically required. Pain management is a critical aspect of recovery, and the healthcare team will offer various options to alleviate discomfort.

As the anesthesia wears off, early mobility is encouraged to prevent complications such as constipation and deep vein thrombosis. The healthcare team closely monitors the surgical incision for signs of infection.

Risks and Complications Associated With Cesarean Sections

Although many C-sections are performed without incident, the procedure is not without risk. It is, after all, a major surgical operation. Possible complications include:

• Infections at the incision site or within the uterus.
• Increased bleeding, which may lead to transfusions or further surgical interventions.
• Blood clots that can travel to the lungs or legs.
• Potential injuries to the baby during the surgical process.
• Complications from anesthesia, which can include severe headaches, nausea, and vomiting.

Moreover, babies born via C-section may experience respiratory issues if delivered before their lungs have fully matured.

Cesarean Sections and Medical Malpractice

The decision to perform a C-section, either electively or in an emergency, must be carefully balanced by healthcare providers. Delayed or improperly performed C-sections can lead to severe complications for both mother and child. Instances of medical malpractice related to Cesarean delivery can include:

• Failure to respond to fetal distress: This can lead to permanent health issues for the newborn child.
• Delays in performing a Cesarean: Such delays can cause severe injuries like nerve damage or brain conditions such as cerebral palsy.
• Surgical errors during the procedure: Mistakes may result in significant complications, affecting the mother and baby’s health and recovery.

Case Study: Neglected Cesarean Indications Lead to Tragic Delivery

A recent Etobicoke, Ontario case highlights the devastating impact of delayed Cesarean intervention. A woman, newly settled in Canada and diagnosed with gestational diabetes, showed signs of excessive amniotic fluid and an abnormally large fetal abdominal circumference via ultrasound—indications that typically call for a Cesarean delivery.

However, the medical team hesitated, choosing to continue with an attempted vaginal delivery despite the baby’s distress and a lack of labour progression at only 3 cm dilation.

As labour advanced, the situation worsened. The decision to persist with vaginal delivery, increasing labour-inducing medications even as the fetal heart rate fell, led to severe complications.

After more than nine hours, the baby was delivered vaginally without an episiotomy, using forceps that led to shoulder dystocia and significant oxygen deprivation. This traumatic delivery resulted in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, hypoglycemia, renal failure, and permanent physical damage to the baby’s left arm due to forceps use.

The family’s response to these preventable injuries was a lawsuit that culminated in a $12 million settlement, highlighting the severe implications of medical negligence. This legal resolution provided compensation for the family and emphasized the necessity for healthcare providers to adhere strictly to medical protocols, particularly concerning the timely execution of a C-section.

The case was managed by Sommers Roth & Elmaleh Professional Corporation, a medical malpractice law firm with a strong track record in medical negligence litigation. The case stresses the importance of decisive action in childbirth and the potential legal consequences of medical errors.

The Consequences of Delayed and Mismanaged C-Sections

Timely intervention is critical in preventing birth-related complications. When healthcare professionals fail to perform a necessary C-section promptly, the consequences can be severe. Delayed C-sections can lead to:

• Cerebral palsy: Results from brain injuries caused by sustained hypoxia, and impacts movement, balance, and coordination.
• Erb’s palsy: A condition causing paralysis of the arm due to shoulder dystocia, where the baby’s shoulder is obstructed by the mother’s pelvic bone.
• Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: This involves brain damage from oxygen deprivation, which can lead to cognitive impairments, speech and vision issues, and possible seizures.
• Physical trauma: Injuries to the baby’s spine, ribs, or other bones.
• Stillbirth: In severe cases, failure to perform a timely C-section can result in the death of the baby.

Seek Help From a Trusted Medical Malpractice Law Firm

If you have concerns about the medical care provided during labour and delivery, or suspect that medical errors occurred, it is advisable to consult with a medical malpractice law firm for legal guidance.

The Toronto-based medical malpractice lawyers at Sommers Roth & Elmaleh have a more than 40-year legacy of helping patients affected by medical errors. Highly respected in both the medical and legal fields, we offer compassionate, knowledgeable, and skilled guidance on all aspects of medical malpractice claims.

Call Sommers Roth & Elmaleh at 1-844-940-2386 or contact us online for a free consultation.